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Based on the large corpora of journalistic English, this title
examines dependency relations and related properties at both
syntactic and discourse levels, seeking to unravel the language
patterns of real-life usage. With a focus on rank-frequency
distribution, the author investigates the distribution of
linguistic properties/units from the perspectives of properties,
motifs and sequencings. At the syntactic level, the book analyses
the following three dimensions: various combinations of a complete
dependency structure, valency and dependency distance. At the
discourse level, it proves that the elements can also form
dependency relations by exploring 1) the rank-frequency
distribution of Rhetorical Structure Theory relations, their
motifs, discourse valency and discourse dependency distance; 2)
whether there is top-down organization or an inverted pyramid
structure at all the three discourse levels and 3) whether
discourse dependency distances and valencies are lawfully
distributed, following the same distribution patterns as those at
the syntactic level. This book will be of great value for scholars
and students of quantitative linguistics and computational
linguistics and its practical insights will also benefit
professionals of language teaching and journalistic writing.
The Third Space and Chinese Language Pedagogy presents the Third
Space as a new frame through which foreign language pedagogy is
conceptualized as a pedagogy of negotiating intentions and
expectations in another culture. The field of Chinese as a foreign
language (CFL) in the past decades has been expanding rapidly at
the beginning and intermediate levels, yet it is lacking in
scholarship on the true advanced level both in theory building and
research-supported curriculum and material development. This book
argues that it is time for CFL to go beyond merely satisfying the
desire of gazing at the other, whether it is curiosity about the
other or superiority over the other, to focusing on learning to
work with the other. It reimagines the field as co-constructing a
transcultural Third Space where learners are becoming experts in
negotiating intentions and expectations in another culture. It
presents a range of research-based CFL pedagogical scholarship and
practices especially relevant to the advanced level and to the goal
of enabling learners to go past fans or critics to become
actors/players in the game of cross-lingual and intercultural
cooperation.
The story of globalization in the nineteenth and early twentieth
centuries as experienced by ordinary people in the Chinese river
town of Zhenjiang. Fear swept Zhenjiang as British soldiers
gathered outside the city walls in the summer of 1842. Already
suspicious of foreigners, locals had also heard of the suffering
the British inflicted two months earlier, in Zhapu. A wave of
suicides and mercy killings ensued: rather than leave their
families to the invaders, hundreds of women killed themselves and
their children or died at the hands of male family members. British
observers decried an “Asian culture” of ritual suicide. In
reality, the event was sui generis—a tragic result of colliding
local and global forces in nineteenth-century China. Xin Zhang’s
groundbreaking history examines the intense negotiations between
local societies and global changes that created modern China. In
the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, world-historic
political, economic, and technological developments transformed the
textures of everyday life in places like Zhenjiang, a midsize river
town in China’s prosperous Lower Yangzi region. Drawing on rare
primary sources, including handwritten diaries and other personal
writings, Zhang offers a ground-level view of globalization in the
city. We see civilians coping with the traumatic international
encounters of the Opium War; Zhenjiang brokers bankrolling
Shanghai’s ascendance as a cosmopolitan commercial hub; and
merchants shipping goods to market, for the first time, on
steamships. Far from passive recipients, the Chinese leveraged,
resisted, and made change for themselves. Indeed, The Global in the
Local argues that globalization is inevitably refracted through
local particularities.
The Third Space and Chinese Language Pedagogy presents the Third
Space as a new frame through which foreign language pedagogy is
conceptualized as a pedagogy of negotiating intentions and
expectations in another culture. The field of Chinese as a foreign
language (CFL) in the past decades has been expanding rapidly at
the beginning and intermediate levels, yet it is lacking in
scholarship on the true advanced level both in theory building and
research-supported curriculum and material development. This book
argues that it is time for CFL to go beyond merely satisfying the
desire of gazing at the other, whether it is curiosity about the
other or superiority over the other, to focusing on learning to
work with the other. It reimagines the field as co-constructing a
transcultural Third Space where learners are becoming experts in
negotiating intentions and expectations in another culture. It
presents a range of research-based CFL pedagogical scholarship and
practices especially relevant to the advanced level and to the goal
of enabling learners to go past fans or critics to become
actors/players in the game of cross-lingual and intercultural
cooperation.
The sources and nature of China's transformation from a traditional
to modern society - accelerated in the early twentieth century by
the downfall of the Qing dynasty, the advent of foreign technology
and increasing commercialization - are critical issues for the
study of modern China. In this book, Xin Zhang uses the case of
local elites and the power structure of Henan province in
north-central China to demonstrate how local politics first
transformed local society, challenged the state and eventually
influenced change across China. Rather than focusing separately on
elite mobility, social mobilization or state-making, Zhang observes
changes in all three categories as interrelated aspects of a
single, self-generating phenomenon of social change. Zhang's
application of social science theory and rich, original, empirical
data, sheds light on the sources of China's modernization,
political and social identity, and the shifting relationship
between the state and local elites.
The sources and nature of China's transformation from a traditional to a modern society--accelerated in the early twentieth century by the downfall of the Qing dynasty, the advent of foreign technology and increasing commercialization--are critical issues for the study of modern China. In this book, Xin Zhang uses the case of local elites and the power structure of Henan province, in north-central China, to demonstrate how local politics first transformed local society, challenged the state, and eventually influenced change across China.
This book focuses on the stellar disk evolution and gas disk
turbulence of the most numerous galaxies in the local Universe -
the dwarf galaxies. The "outside-in" disk shrinking mode was
established for a relatively large sample of dwarf galaxies for the
first time, and this is in contrast to the "inside-out" disk growth
mode found for spiral galaxies. Double exponential brightness
profiles also correspond to double exponential stellar mass
profiles for dwarf galaxies, which is again different from most
spiral galaxies. The cool gas distribution in dwarf galaxies was
probed with the spatial power spectra of hydrogen iodide (HI) gas
emission, and provided indirect evidence that inner disks of dwarf
galaxies have proportionally more cool gas than outer disks. The
finding that no correlation exists between gas power spectral
indices and star formation gave important constraints on the
relation between turbulence and star formation in dwarf galaxies.
This book introduces data-driven remaining useful life prognosis
techniques, and shows how to utilize the condition monitoring data
to predict the remaining useful life of stochastic degrading
systems and to schedule maintenance and logistics plans. It is also
the first book that describes the basic data-driven remaining
useful life prognosis theory systematically and in detail. The
emphasis of the book is on the stochastic models, methods and
applications employed in remaining useful life prognosis. It
includes a wealth of degradation monitoring experiment data,
practical prognosis methods for remaining useful life in various
cases, and a series of applications incorporated into prognostic
information in decision-making, such as maintenance-related
decisions and ordering spare parts. It also highlights the latest
advances in data-driven remaining useful life prognosis techniques,
especially in the contexts of adaptive prognosis for linear
stochastic degrading systems, nonlinear degradation modeling based
prognosis, residual storage life prognosis, and prognostic
information-based decision-making.
This book focuses on the stellar disk evolution and gas disk
turbulence of the most numerous galaxies in the local Universe -
the dwarf galaxies. The "outside-in" disk shrinking mode was
established for a relatively large sample of dwarf galaxies for the
first time, and this is in contrast to the "inside-out" disk growth
mode found for spiral galaxies. Double exponential brightness
profiles also correspond to double exponential stellar mass
profiles for dwarf galaxies, which is again different from most
spiral galaxies. The cool gas distribution in dwarf galaxies was
probed with the spatial power spectra of hydrogen iodide (HI) gas
emission, and provided indirect evidence that inner disks of dwarf
galaxies have proportionally more cool gas than outer disks. The
finding that no correlation exists between gas power spectral
indices and star formation gave important constraints on the
relation between turbulence and star formation in dwarf galaxies.
Proteins act as macromolecular machinery that mediate many diverse
biological processes - the molecular mechanisms of this machinery
has fascinated biologists for decades. Analysis of the kinetic and
thermodynamic features of these mechanisms could reveal
unprecedented aspects of how the machinery function and will
eventually lead to a novel understanding of various biological
processes. This dissertation comprehensively demonstrates how two
universally conserved guanosine triphosphatases in the signal
recognition particle and its membrane receptor maintain the
efficiency and fidelity of the co-translational protein targeting
process essential to all cells. A series of quantitative
experiments reveal that the highly ordered and coordinated
conformational states of the machinery are the key to their
regulatory function. This dissertation also offers a mechanistic
view of another fascinating system in which multistate protein
machinery closely control critical biological processes. Written
while completing graduate work at California Institute of
Technology.
This book introduces data-driven remaining useful life prognosis
techniques, and shows how to utilize the condition monitoring data
to predict the remaining useful life of stochastic degrading
systems and to schedule maintenance and logistics plans. It is also
the first book that describes the basic data-driven remaining
useful life prognosis theory systematically and in detail. The
emphasis of the book is on the stochastic models, methods and
applications employed in remaining useful life prognosis. It
includes a wealth of degradation monitoring experiment data,
practical prognosis methods for remaining useful life in various
cases, and a series of applications incorporated into prognostic
information in decision-making, such as maintenance-related
decisions and ordering spare parts. It also highlights the latest
advances in data-driven remaining useful life prognosis techniques,
especially in the contexts of adaptive prognosis for linear
stochastic degrading systems, nonlinear degradation modeling based
prognosis, residual storage life prognosis, and prognostic
information-based decision-making.
This book discusses how biological molecules exert their function
and regulate biological processes, with a clear focus on how
conformational dynamics of proteins are critical in this respect.
In the last decade, the advancements in computational biology,
nuclear magnetic resonance including paramagnetic relaxation
enhancement, and fluorescence-based ensemble/single-molecule
techniques have shown that biological molecules (proteins, DNAs and
RNAs) fluctuate under equilibrium conditions. The conformational
and energetic spaces that these fluctuations explore likely contain
active conformations that are critical for their function. More
interestingly, these fluctuations can respond actively to external
cues, which introduces layers of tight regulation on the biological
processes that they dictate. A growing number of studies have
suggested that conformational dynamics of proteins govern their
role in regulating biological functions, examples of this
regulation can be found in signal transduction, molecular
recognition, apoptosis, protein / ion / other molecules
translocation and gene expression. On the experimental side, the
technical advances have offered deep insights into the
conformational motions of a number of proteins. These studies
greatly enrich our knowledge of the interplay between structure and
function. On the theoretical side, novel approaches and detailed
computational simulations have provided powerful tools in the study
of enzyme catalysis, protein / drug design, protein / ion / other
molecule translocation and protein folding/aggregation, to name but
a few. This work contains detailed information, not only on the
conformational motions of biological systems, but also on the
potential governing forces of conformational dynamics (transient
interactions, chemical and physical origins, thermodynamic
properties). New developments in computational simulations will
greatly enhance our understanding of how these molecules function
in various biological events.
Proteins act as macromolecular machinery that mediate many
diverse biological processes - the molecular mechanisms of this
machinery has fascinated biologists for decades. Analysis of the
kinetic and thermodynamic features of these mechanisms could reveal
unprecedented aspects of how the machinery function and will
eventually lead to a novel understanding of various biological
processes. This dissertation comprehensively demonstrates how two
universally conserved guanosine triphosphatases in the signal
recognition particle and its membrane receptor maintain the
efficiency and fidelity of the co-translational protein targeting
process essential to all cells. A series of quantitative
experiments reveal that the highly ordered and coordinated
conformational states of the machinery are the key to their
regulatory function. This dissertation also offers a mechanistic
view of another fascinating system in which multistate protein
machinery closely control critical biological processes.
Written while completing graduate work at California Institute
of Technology.
This book provides updated, full-picture analysis of the laws and
practices of cross-border debt finance in the PRC. It is featured
by the first-handed experiences of the author's academic research
and legal practice in this field over two decades. The author
discusses legal and regulatory issues, transaction structures and
documentation in relation to two debt finance products: loan and
bond, covering the inbound structure (Chinese debtors' raising
funds from the international market) and the outbound structure
(Chinese creditors' supplying funds to the international market).
For cross-border loans, this book thoroughly illustrates the
foreign debt regulatory regime in the PRC and approaches the
lending by Chinese banks to support exports and overseas
investments under the "Belt and Road Initiative" (BRI). For
cross-border bonds, it discusses how Chinese issuers, by designing
various transaction structures, enter into the international bond
market, and then researches the "opening-up" of Chinese bond market
to both international issuers (for issuing "Panda Bonds") and
investors (for purchasing Chinese bonds). This book is used as an
authoritative source for not only students and researchers, but
also bankers and legal practitioners, who are interested in the
Chinese debt finance market.
This book introduces a family of large-signal stability-based
control methods for different power inverters (grid-connected
inverter, standalone inverter, single-phase inverter, and
three-phase inverter) in practical applications. Power inverters
have stability issues, which include the inverter's own instability
as well as the inverter's instability in relation to the other
power electronic devices in the system (i.e., weak grid and the EMI
filter). Most of the stability analyses and solutions are based on
small-signal stability technology. Unfortunately, in actuality, the
majority of practical instability concerns in power inverter
systems are large-signal stability problems, which, when compared
to small-signal stability problems, can cause substantial damage to
electrical equipment. As a result, researchers must conduct a
comprehensive investigation of the large-signal stability challenge
and solutions for power inverters. This book can be used as a
reference for researchers, power inverters manufacturers, and
end-users. As a result, the book will not become obsolete in the
near future, regardless of technology advancements.
This book provides updated, full-picture analysis of the laws and
practices of cross-border debt finance in the PRC. It is featured
by the first-handed experiences of the author's academic research
and legal practice in this field over two decades. The author
discusses legal and regulatory issues, transaction structures and
documentation in relation to two debt finance products: loan and
bond, covering the inbound structure (Chinese debtors' raising
funds from the international market) and the outbound structure
(Chinese creditors' supplying funds to the international market).
For cross-border loans, this book thoroughly illustrates the
foreign debt regulatory regime in the PRC and approaches the
lending by Chinese banks to support exports and overseas
investments under the "Belt and Road Initiative" (BRI). For
cross-border bonds, it discusses how Chinese issuers, by designing
various transaction structures, enter into the international bond
market, and then researches the "opening-up" of Chinese bond market
to both international issuers (for issuing "Panda Bonds") and
investors (for purchasing Chinese bonds). This book is used as an
authoritative source for not only students and researchers, but
also bankers and legal practitioners, who are interested in the
Chinese debt finance market.
This book presents a comprehensive survey of Chinese legal and
regulatory systems governing international trade, following China's
accession to the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in November 2001,
and the coming into force of the revised PRC Foreign Trade Law in
July 2004. It provides a systematic and in-depth analysis on the
text of applicable Chinese laws and rules, with a particular focus
on their practical application. It also critically explores whether
international trade regulation in China complies with the WTO
Agreement both in the text and in spirit and identifies areas where
improvements by Chinese trade regulators would be desirable. This
book starts with an analysis of basic issues of international trade
regulation in China. Part II, covers foreign trading rights, trade
restrictions and prohibitions, licensing and quotas, customs
regulation, health, safety and technical standards, and trade in
technology. The focus is on possible abuses of trade regulations
designed to be neutral but which have the effect of discriminating
against goods of foreign origin. law, in the form of anti-dumping
law, anti-subsidy law, safeguarding measures and trade retaliation.
Part IV explores new regulatory issues, including trade promotion,
trade and competition, trade and IP rights protection, and
resolution of trade disputes. This book combines academic research
with detailed information and practical advice on the laws and
policies of international trade regulation in China. It should
attract not only legal researchers, but also practitioners who have
an interest in international trade with China and the relevant
legal and regulatory issues.
This book is devoted to the optimum design of the DCT in a hybrid
AC/DC microgrid, which takes into account not only the influence of
different inductors/capacitors values, but also numerous design
goals (i.e., VCG, efficiency, stability and so on). This book
examines the DCT's design problem in detail. It begins by reviewing
existing DCTs in, the hybrid AC/DC microgrid and their design
problems. Following that, this book proposes a family of DCT
optimization design approaches to ensure that the designed DCT has
good power transmission and voltage regulation ability in the
hybrid AC/DC microgrid, even when the actual inductors/capacitors
values fluctuate with practical power and temperature. Following
that, this book provides a family of multi-objective optimization
design methodologies for the DCT to guarantee that it concurrently
achieves the requirements of VCG, efficiency, and system stability.
This book also covers how to control the DCT in a hybrid AC/DC
microgrid optimally and generically.
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